What is Barrett’s Esophagus?

One of the most serious complications of acid reflux disease is Barrett’s Esophagus. When the esophagus has been exposed over and over again to stomach acid, esophagitis develops causing bleeding, ulcers and serious damage. A severe condition caused by esophagitis is known as Barrett’s Esophagus. This is a precancerous condition, which can lead to esophageal cancer. The cells in the esophagus, in an attempt to protect themselves, try to become more like the cells in the stomach, which can tolerate the strong acid produced by the stomach lining. During its development, heartburn symptoms may actually lessen or disappear. The cells in the esophagus grow and mutate. Over a period of years, this dysplasia can worsen and become cancer.

Who gets Barrett’s Esophagus?

Men are three times more likely than women to get the condition. Caucasians are several times more likely to be affected. Chronic heartburn is the cause, so anyone with recurrent Gastroesophageal Reflux disease can develop it. ("Do you have a problem?")

How do I know if I have it?

Diagnosis of this disease requires upper endoscopy. During this procedure, a small camera is attached to a tube and the endoscope is moved through the esophagus. The doctor may see reddened and inflamed tissue, some of which he will remove and sample. This biopsy is then studied under a microscope to identify the damaged cells.

How is it treated?

There is no current treatment to reverse the disease, but receiving heartburn treatment may slow down its progress and prevent more problems. Medications and lifestyle changes will be recommended by the doctor. In some cases surgery may be necessary. (See Laparoscopic Nissen Fundoplication)